Abraham Lincoln And The Emancipation Proclamation

In school we are taught that Abraham Lincoln freed the slaves. This statement is reinforced continuously throughout our education, beginning from the time we are in elementary school to when we are in high school. However, it’s never really expounded upon when taught. The discussion never goes further than ‘Abraham Lincoln enacted the Emancipation Proclamation and thus freed the slaves’, but is still able to instill the implication that he did so out of his own moral values and that life for ex-slaves was better for it. The truth of the matter is actually the complete opposite. The emancipation proclamation was a purely political decision that instead of truly freeing the slaves, only served to keep them bound. Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 in Hardin County, Kentucky. He moved between Kentucky and Indiana a little bit with his family and also traveled with his friend when he was old enough to do so. In 1831 he settled down in New Salem where he liv ed for 6 years, until he moved to Springfield, Illinois. He was a member of the Whig party, where under the guise of John T. Stuart, he studied law, obtaining licensure in 1836, and a year later became Stuart’s partner. He was successfully part of the Springfield legislature and when he retired, had a successful law practice. He also served one term in Congress but after that term was done, he was so discouraged by the embarrassing political reputation he’d created for himself in his opposition of theShow MoreRelatedAbraham Lincoln And The Emancipation Proclamation2067 Words   |  9 Pages Abraham Lincoln and the Emancipation Proclamation: Was Lincoln a Racist? Abraham Lincoln, one of the greatest and the most venerable president of the United State, he is famous for the contribution that issued Emancipation Proclamation that granted the hope of African Americans got U.S citizenship and legal rights from federal government, promoted the development of unifying nation. However, even though the Emancipation Proclamation recognize and maintain freedom of slaves, plenty of sources indicateRead MoreAbraham Lincoln And The Emancipation Proclamation1415 Words   |  6 Pages- Abraham Lincoln the Emancipation Proclamation An example of a presidential executive order which congress did not authorise would be Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation. Slaves could not be freed constitutionally because they were considered property under the constitution. Lincoln justified this move as an act of war to undermine the war effort in the south. When President Lincoln first proposed the Emancipation Proclamation to his cabinet in the summer of 1862, many of the cabinetRead MoreThe Emancipation Proclamation By Abraham Lincoln825 Words   |  4 Pages1) What is the Emancipation Proclamation? When is Baldwin’s letter written and what is the significance of the timing of his letter (specifically: what is the situation of African Americans at the time Baldwin wrote the letter?) The emancipation proclamation was Abraham Lincoln s presidential declaration that changed the legal status of slaves from â€Å"slave† to â€Å"free.† Baldwin’s letter â€Å"My dungeon shook† was written in 1963, the hundredth anniversary of the emancipation Proclamation. The significanceRead More Abraham Lincoln and the Emancipation Proclamation Essay884 Words   |  4 PagesOn January 1, 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation was delivered by Abraham Lincoln. This bold and progressive move by the President declared that all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free (The Library of Congress, 2014). While Lincoln now harbors the fame for ending slavery, his proclamation initially only ended slavery in those states that attemptedRead MoreAbraham Lincoln s Emancipation Proclamation859 Words   |  4 PagesThe E mancipation Proclamation Although Abraham Lincoln produced numerous timeless events in the history of the United States of America, perhaps none more effective as the Emancipation Proclamation. The innovative and impactful Emancipation Proclamation consisted of two executive orders issued by President Lincoln. The first order was issued on September 22, 1862 and gave freedom to all slaves in the Confederate States of America that did not return to Union control by January 1, 1863. One hundredRead MoreAbraham Lincoln s Emancipation Proclamation2278 Words   |  10 PagesAbraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation is one of the most successful and influential documents in America’s history and throughout the world. Slavery in America had been a substantial part of its history since the early 1600’s and would eventually lead to be a very controversial topic throughout the country. It was an issue that divided the nation momentously into one of the bloodiest wars in world history where e ven further history would be made through the final abolition of slavery. The effectsRead MoreAbraham Lincoln s Emancipation Proclamation1899 Words   |  8 PagesAbraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation declared â€Å"all persons held as slaves within any State, or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free†. While it continues to be a symbol of equality and social justice, his legacy has generated a century and a half debate that questions if he was the â€Å"progressive man† whose death was an â€Å"unspeakable calamity† as Frederick Douglass proclaimed or had heRead MoreThe Emancipation Proclamation By President Abraham Lincoln1871 Words   |  8 PagesAfter the Civil War the Emancipation Proclamation was signed in 1863 by President Abraham Lincoln. The first paragraph of the Emancipation Proclamation states, That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free; and the Executive Government of the UnitedRead MoreThe Emancipation Proclamation By President Abraham Lincoln1712 Words   |  7 Pages January 1, 1863 President Abraham Lincoln changed the face of America by declaring all slaves to be freed, this was known as the Emancipation Proclamation. In our country s history the Proclamation can be argued as one of the most groundbreaking change that shaped how our country operates today. Arthur John Johnson born to Henry and Tiny Johnson in Galveston, Texas on March 31, 1878 third of nine children; three of which died at birth. Roberts stated not much is known of Henry’s influence onRead MoreThe Emancipation Proclamation Was Issued By President Abraham Lincoln1206 Words   |  5 Pages The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863. Lincoln issued this document during the American Civil War. A massive percentage of people believe it was issued solely to end slavery. However, abolishing slavery was never a main goal of the Emancipation Proclamation. The Emancipation Proclamation was issued to gain troops for the union army while destroying the Confederacy’s economy and to prevent foreign nations like England and France from becoming allies with the

Theories on Evolution of Species - 1068 Words

What is Evolution? It â€Å"is the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient ancestors† [1]. Many great scientists have developed theories to answer the question, â€Å"Where did life, and human beings, come from?† Two major theories of evolution that still exist, and valid today are Charles Darwin’s theory, and Lamarck’s theory. These two theories have many differences, but attempt to explain evolution. Charles Robert Darwin, was a naturalist, who proposed one of the most renowned theories of evolution; the theory of â€Å"Natural Selection†. Darwin published his work of evolution through his book, The Origin of Species and describes the process of evolution as the â€Å"survival of the fittest†. There are four processes to Natural Selection - Variation, Inheritance, Time and Selection. Variation is individuals’ genetic makeup can vary within a population. Variation can occur three ways; sex (the independent assortment of and recombination of genes through meiosis and other processes), gene flow (â€Å"movement of genes from one population to another†)[2] and random mutation. Inheritance is the inheritance of genetic traits from parent to offspring. Time is the timeframe where evolutionary changes, such as speciation, can happen. Selection is â€Å"survival of the fittest†, where the favourable genes dominate the population. The peppered moth is an animal, which follows Darwin’s theory. The start of the Industrial Revolution caused selection pressure on the light coloured pepperedShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Evolution And The Origin Of Species1688 Words   |  7 PagesThe Theory of Evolution: â€Å"Grievously Hypothetical† *Rough Draft* First Publicized in Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life, The Theory of Evolution has been a widely excepted theory all around the world. According to the Pew Research Center, approximately 60% of all American adults believe in Darwinian evolution (Public s Views on Human Evolution). This is an absurdly large amount of the United States’Read MoreDarwin s Theory Of Evolution Of Species1354 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscussion; the origins of species. Prior to Darwin’s studies the discussion of the origin of man was dominated by creationism, or the belief that we derive from god, who created us all in his image. For the next thirty years, Darwin devoted himself to researching the long standing question â€Å"where did we come from?† Darwin became the first scientist to present a supported argument for evolution, with his crowned publication, â€Å"Origins of Spec ies†, describing how all species derived from a common ancestorRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution904 Words   |  4 PagesEvolution is the process new species or populations of living things develop from preexisting forms through successive generations. Some people believe in evolution and some do not. Scientists have found many ways to determine the way that a species can evolve over time. Charles Darwin is just one of these scientists. He came up with a theory that explains how species’ evolve and change. He believed that species change by a process called â€Å"natural selection.† Charles Darwin’s theory of evolutionRead MoreCreationism Vs. Evolution1130 Words   |  5 PagesWhere do we come from? The creation of the world has been told through many different stories, and from a variety of religions across the world. The argument between evolution and creation has been debated back and forth for years. So how do we know which claim is corre ct? Has all life evolved from simple bacteria to all the species that appear today, or did life on earth begin with Gods creation of Adam from dust and his partner Eve from adam’s rib bone. As a child I grew up attending church everyRead MoreSimilarities Between Humans And Humans1067 Words   |  5 Pagesof humans and chimpanzees? Both species have opposable thumbs, the ability to use tools, walk on two legs, etc. But, can you considered these two species related? Many scientists argues that chimpanzees and Homo sapiens came from a common ancestor, supported by the theory of evolution. The theory of evolution brought many interpretation from scientists and people. But can you considered the theory of evolution, a fact or fiction? In my opinion, the theory of evolution is considered a fact, supportedRead MoreThe Theories Of Evolution Of The Human Population1045 Words   |  5 PagesThe Theories of Evolution The human population has always wondered where they came from, or how they came to be. Why do they have certain characteristics that distinguish them from other species, or how did they acquire these characteristics? Why do they have similar traits to other species? There are many questions about the existence of the human population that they would love to have the answer to. Unfortunately, there is not an answer that is a proven fact. Luckily, there are theories thatRead MoreEvolution And Evolution Of Evolution1110 Words   |  5 PagesEvolution What is evolution? How did life even come about? People really ask this questions not knowing how this thing called life came about. With this being said this is where we come back to the question of what is evolution. Evolution the process in which life undergo changes over time. Also where organisms are transformed or adjust into something different in order to cope with different surrounding changes. Just like anything else there is more to evolution than just a change over time thereRead MoreContradiction Between the Theory of Evolution and the Bible947 Words   |  4 Pageswho founded the theory of evolution and changed the way we think about the natural world. Darwin was born on February 12, 1809 and lived during the Industrial Revolution. As a child, Darwin initially planned to become a doctor, but his plan terminated when he joined the five year expedition on the survey ship, the HMS Beagle, in 1831. In the expedition, Darwin developed a theory and published a book call The Origin of Species. This book was the beginning of what we know about evolution, and it was controversialRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory On Evolution Essay1074 Words   |  5 Pagesuniverse and Earth? Charles Darwin’s theory on evolution, which is called natural selection, is based on the idea of species naturally adapting to their surrounding environment to better the species chances for survival. Creationism, on the other hand, is the belief that the universe and living organisms originate from specific acts of divine creation. Both are theories on life, and how such life came to be thing we all know. It is not the strongest of the species that survive, nor the most intelligentRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1055 Words   |  5 Pages Charles Darwin was an English naturalist and geologist, he was known greater for his contributions for the evolution theory. Darwin wrote a book in 1859 it was published and became the greatest and well known book. The name of the book was â€Å"On the Origin of Species†. In the book he wrote about his theory of evolution by natural selection, he discovered how the process of how organisms change as time goes on. Changes in traits and the organism’s physical behavior. Darwin believe change happens

A Sociological Approach On Self And Identity - 984 Words

In a variety of social interactions, we may question how individuals react or behave in certain situations. For example, if two people go on a date together there can be many communication errors such as not knowing what to say or how to act around that person. In society, there are vast situations in which people ask themselves how to behave in a specific situation and the affects society has on those decisions in everyday life. In Stets and Burke’s essay, â€Å"A Sociological Approach to Self and Identity†, there are many ways to view identities, interactions that influence those views in society, and the importance of commitment to identities. One main point in Stets and Burke’s essay are the many different views of the identity theories. The first view on identity is the collective view which is a particular group that focuses mainly on beliefs, and customs. This theory does not allow for tests in change or social interaction, therefore, excludes these important variables from this particular view of identity. The next view of identity is the social identity theory which indicates an identity within a society or groups of people, but is missing the significance of behavioral identity roles (9). Another growing view of identity is called symbolic interaction which allows understanding of a behavioral change, and role identities. More importantly, this view acts as a guideline on the structure of society by symbols that indicate different positions andShow MoreRelatedCommon Sense Explanations And The Explanations Of C. Wright Mills Theory Of The Sociological Imagination1534 Words   |  7 PagesIn this essay I will be exploring the differences between common sense explanations and the explanations of C. Wright Mills theory of The Sociological Imagination. Common sense is based on people s personal experiences and their opinions, very often constructed from social norms and generalised views. Whereas, the Sociological Imagination thought up by sociologist C. Wright Mills (1959) is based on the ideas of thinking critically and skeptically, in order to think sociologically. He wrote thatRead MoreGoffman s Contributions On Structures Of Interaction1482 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica. His studies on symbolic interactionism and interest in socially constructed self, the distinction between public identity versus the private self, the role of gender in society, and the study of public spaces have remained influential to our social interaction and institutional life. His naturalistic and sociological description makes him very easily accessible. Along with his use of metaphors in sociological th eory, we get a clearer picture of how social interaction and institutional lifeRead MoreThe Presentation of Self in Everyday Life by Erving Goffman1040 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen noted as the most important American sociological theorist in the second half of the twentieth century. In 1963, Goffman published Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity to illustrate the lives of stigmatized individuals—those who are unable to conform to standards that society calls â€Å"normal†. Stigma (1963) was published after two of Goffman’s other works, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life and Asylums. In The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (1959), Goffman uses face-to-faceRead MoreSociology : Relationship Between Individuals And Society894 Words   |  4 Pagesindividuals and society. Self-influences society through actions of the individual; the self emerges in and is a reflection of society. Society influences the self in a reciprocal fashion. Through shared language and meaning the individual is allowed to take the role of other through social interactions. The self and what individuals do is dependent to a large extent on the society where they live. According to Sociology, there are two important factors that shape self and identity, social institutionsRead MoreThe Presentation Of The Self By Irving Goffman1305 Words   |  6 PagesConcept note: Dramaturgy The sociological concept ‘dramaturgy’, developed by Irving Goffman (1922 – 1982), was initially used in his book The Presentation of the Self (1959). Dramaturgy uses the theatre as an extended metaphor to explain social interaction and social roles. Like actors in a play, people play roles, working together to up hold various social realities and functional institutions such as work, school, home, medical, legal or leisure. Key components of this theory are ‘front and back’Read MoreDisability Term Paper1491 Words   |  6 PagesSubmitted to Dr. Duffy December 7, 2010 INTRO TO SOCIOLOGY 2 INTRODUCTION This paper demonstrates that hitherto sociological analyses of disability have been theoretically and methodologically inadequate. It is written that sociology, in common with the other major contemporary disciplines, has accepted almost without question the legitimacy of the individualistic biomedical approach to disability. It is argued that this partial and essentially non-disabled reading of the phenomenon has succeededRead MoreJewish People and Collective Memory: The Early Years of Zionist Settlement in Palestine1637 Words   |  7 Pagesessays, one of the main themes is the establishment of Jewish group identity; the negative diasporic identity Gordon creates is essential to compliment the positive future identity of the Jewish people. Following the definition of Fredrik Barth, group identity is created through shared fundamental cultural values and entails a membership that identifies themselves as members and which is identified by others as members. Group identity emerges when a group of people shares a common culture and this cultureRead MoreSelf Identity By Anthony Giddens1653 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Project of the self is one of the most significant concepts created by Anthony Giddens. The author bases his ideas of self-identification upon influence of the modern world and changes created by the process of globalization (Giddens, 1991). The main argument is strong. However the study seeks some further explanations of the role of identity in the social life of individuals. This essay will investigate issue of self-identity in the modern world according to Antony Giddens’s ideas. Firstly, itRead MoreThe Sociological Perceptions Of Health And Illness1552 Words   |  7 Pagesthe sociological perceptions of health and illness. This essay also discusses about the various patterns of health inequality within society, and to evaluate the different perspective and views of health within our society. It will also provide a brief analysis of two different starts to the study of health and illness. This essay will then move on to examine different health pattern which are gender, ethnicity and class. Health has always been the dominant factor of the society. Sociological investigationRead MoreThe Presentation Of The Self By Irving Goffman1167 Words   |  5 Pages The sociological concept ‘dramaturgy’, was developed by Irving Goffman (1922 – 1982) and initially used in his book The Presentation of the Self (1959). The concept was also a feature of subsequent works Behavior in Public Places (1963) and Interaction Rituals (1967), where the focus was on interaction and social scene rather than self-presentation and identity work. Dramaturgy uses the theatre as an extended metaphor to explain how people perform a variety of social roles, like actors in a play

Euthanasia Speech Essay - 694 Words

Speech Imagine if a close relative of yours was dying of lung cancer. Each breath they took was agonizing. No medicine or drug could lessen their pain. Their life had become a torture. They ask you to end their torment. What would you do? If you helped to hasten their death, you would most likely go to prison for murder. What this relative has asked you to do is to commit Euthanasia. Websters Encyclopedia describes Euthanasia as the practice of hastening or causing the death of a person suffering from an incurable disease . Simply put, Euthanasia is mercy killing. Euthanasia is one of the most controversial topics in modern society, and every human being has a different view on it according to their culture, their nations†¦show more content†¦Belgium is another place where Euthanasia has been made legal and its pro-Euthanasia health system is abused to the same extent as is the Dutch one. If Euthanasia was legalized in Canada, abuse would occur in the same manner. On t op of the statistics, there are many other disadvantages of legalizing Euthanasia. For one, how would one go about committing Euthanasia? Most likely, drugs whose sole purpose is to end a human life would have to be legalized as well. It is quite possible that these drugs could fall into the hands of someone who would use them in illegal acts such as murder. Another flaw in legalizing Euthanasia would be that it would become possible for relatives of a dying patient to take advantage of life insurance policies or wills. Family may encourage a patient to choose Euthanasia so that they can receive money from the patients will or life insurance. After stating all the flaws of Euthanasia, I must describe all the benefits of it. The essential goal of someone committing Euthanasia would be in order to end a dying human beings suffering. In order to fully comprehend what it is like to have a family member asking for you to take their lives, one must refer to the situation stated earlier. If the relative whose every breath was a torment wanted you to help them kill themselves, what would you say to them? Would you deny them an escapeShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Speech: Euthanasia2634 Words   |  11 PagesSPEECH OUTLINE (Persuasive Speech) Title : Euthanasia: To live and let die.   Specific purpose : To persuade my audience that euthanasia should be legalized in Malaysia. Central idea : Euthanasia is about giving people the right to choose how they want to live and die, saves money in medical bills, and it also stops the person from having a bad quality of life. INTRODUCTION Attention getter : Imagine yourself being unable to walkRead MoreFirst Affirmative Constructive Speech : Euthanasia1177 Words   |  5 PagesFirst Affirmative Constructive Speech: Euthanasia A lady named Brittany Maynard who was twenty-nine years old had stage 4 of Glioblastoma Multiform, which is brain cancer. She had taken a lethal medication, given to her by her doctors in Portland, Oregon. On November 1, 2014 she had chosen to end her life by Euthanasia. surrounded by family and friends, she died peacefully in her bedroom, with her loved ones by her side. she had thought out her choice well enough to go through with it. she was anRead MoreArgumentative Speech Outline : Legalization Of Euthanasia1379 Words   |  6 PagesArgumentative Speech Outline: Legalization of Euthanasia Lexie Phongthai-Yochum Topic: Legalizing Euthanasia General Purpose: To argue Specific Purpose: To argue that euthanasia should be made available for terminal patients to end their suffering. Thesis Statement: Euthanasia should be made legal for terminal patients to end their suffering because 1) people should have the right to choose, 2) it helps save lives through organ donation, and 3) it can be regulated. Introduction According toRead More Speech on Euthanasia Essay1161 Words   |  5 PagesSpeech on Euthanasia I stand before you today in confrontation. I stand before you today equal to any man. I stand before you today with a challenge! I challenge any man who deems, their morals, their ethics, their beliefs, their conscience enough to find themselves fit to judge others. I challenge any man who deems himself fit to pass judgement upon another’s life. I challenge any man who believes they can play god. I challenge any man who believes in euthanasiaRead MoreEuthanasi A Gentle And Easy Death1240 Words   |  5 Pagesright and life? B. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, Euthanasia is â€Å"a gentle and easy death.† 1. Euthanasia is not suicide. Suicide is taking one’s own life because one does not want to live C. Today, I will go over the countries and states that allow Euthanasia, the types of Euthanasia and conditions that patients need to be under to pursue euthanasia, and if it is our rights to pursue euthanasia. I believe that Euthanasia (under strict conditions) should be legalized in all states becauseRead More Assisted Suicide Essay1518 Words   |  7 PagesAssisted suicide must not be confused with euthanasia. There are two forms of euthanasia, passive and active. Active euthanasia is similar to assisted suicide in that it requires lethal substances to cause death in a patient. But, euthanasia differs from assisted suicide through passive euthanasia. Passive euthanasia entails the death of a person from the withdrawal of treatments necessary for the continuance of life. In the United States, passive euthanasia is legal. How is it moral to allow theRead MoreEuthanasia Essay - The Legalization Of Euthanasia803 Words   |  4 PagesLegalization of Euthanasia [Speech Transcript] [Introduction] What is euthanasia? Euthanasia (derived from the Greek word euthanatos: eu- for good; thanatos for death) is the practice of intentionally ending a life in order to relieve intractable suffering. Intractable: adj. describes high complexity, which makes it difficult to change, manipulate, or resolve an issue. In this context, intractable suffering refers to terminal illnesses such as cancer, heart disease, or Ebola. TypesRead MoreEuthanasi Voluntary And Involuntary1273 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the ways of preventing suffering at the end of life is mercy killing, or euthanasia. There are two types of euthanasia – voluntary and involuntary. Involuntary, or passive euthanasia, occurs when a person is not able to give permission for his or her death, e.g. if the person is in a comatose condition; voluntary euthanasia is performed with a help of a doctor with a person’s consent. Legalizing voluntary euthanasia allows people, who are terminally ill, have physical disabilities, or are inRead MoreEuthanasia Essay893 Words   |  4 PagesEuthanasia Euthanasia is a highly emotive issue, which is habitually avoided contemplation because it deals with unsettling issues people often choose to disregard. It is exceptionally difficult for people to converse about grave illness and its implications, which is undoubtedly why so many people are left unaware of why this issue is so significant. The increasing number of grave diseases emphasises the magnitude of this issue. 1 out of 5 people have or will developRead MoreSiya Kumar. Dying With Dignity. . Imagine Yourself With1360 Words   |  6 Pagesphysician assisted death. Physician assisted death and voluntary euthanasia should be legal in the the United States because if a person has the right to life, then they also have the right to death, it helps terminally ill patients to escape the pain that awaits them, and it can be safely regulated by government legislation. Euthanasia is specifically provided for individuals diagnosed with a terminal illness. There are several types of euthanasia that differ in the way that the patient passes away, who

Affirmative Action Racial Inequality Free Essays

Michael Parkes Professor Minichillo Writing 1020 25 March 2013 Affirmative Action: Racial Inequality After many years of immigration, the United States has become a melting pot for people all over the world with a wide-range of races and ethnicities. Although American culture emphasizes diversity and equal opportunity, its unique history of immigration has shown that people of different races are not created equal. The White race is dominating throughout all aspects of the American society. We will write a custom essay sample on Affirmative Action: Racial Inequality or any similar topic only for you Order Now Fact: â€Å"White males are 33% of the population, but 80% of tenured professors, 90% of the U. S. senate, 97% of school superintendents, and 100% of U. S. Presidents† (Jackson 9). What happens to the rest of the American races? Where are the Blacks, Latinos and Asians? Some experts believe that, people who belong to those groups are grossly misrepresented. In 1964, racial inequality in American was being recognized as a problem that needed to be addressed on a national level. A systematic solution was urgently needed to address the racial inequality. Affirmative action was thus born in 1964 with the ideal of creating a better society with equal chances of success for people from different backgrounds and races. Broadly defined, affirmative action refers to efforts to increase educational and employment opportunities for minorities and women. More specifically, it applies to various policies and programs designed to increase the number of minorities and women hired by government and industry and admitted into colleges and universities. As good as the ideal sounded, we have encountered many obstacles implementing the idea into reality. For many decades, because of its impact on individuals, races, and social economic classes, affirmative action has become a source of controversy and a focus of many heated debates. In his book, Hunger of Memory, Richard Rodriguez expressed his belief that affirmative action has devalued the achievements of people of color, and that a system that prefers one race over another is nothing more than another form of racism. For some individuals of minority the existence of affirmative action is a threat rather than an aid to their personal success. They believe that affirmative action undermines their personal achievements. Granting certain privileges to minority groups creates the perception that their positions were given to them rather than earned and that minority people are incapable of competing with white people. Richard Rodriguez testifies to this with his personal experience. Growing up in a poor Mexican immigrant family, he has invested a tremendous amount of effort to achieve the academic level of a scholar. To him it was a scholarship boy’s dreams come true (Rodriguez 164). However, his academic success was always associated with his minority status. Mr. Rodriguez speaks his unpleasant feelings towards such an association. Mr. Rodriguez was extremely sensitive about the issue. He believes that being â€Å"labeled† as a â€Å"minority† has put him in a position that he can never compete with other people without prejudice. Meanwhile, the supporters of affirmative action believe that being racially conscious is merely acknowledging one’s social identity. Understanding one’s own social identity means recognizing the differences as well as the advantages and disadvantages of being an individual in a diverse society. Affirmative action simply gives people who are socially disadvantaged a â€Å"leg up† so that they can compete equally with rest of the society. In an 800-meter race, the runner at the outermost lane gets to start ahead of the runner at the innermost lane, simply because it is a longer run to complete the race at the outer lane than the inner lane. This analogy can be applied to the racial disadvantages of minority students as well. Because of their lack of educational resource and unfavorable study environment, they have to endure many more difficulties to achieve the same academic goals of the majority. Affirmative action is simply putting them ahead of the starting line to finish the longer run. Not all minority races are on an equal ground. Statistics show that about 12 % of Whites, 15% of Asians, and 30% of Blacks and Latinos are under the poverty line; 42% of Asian, 25% of White, and only less than 14% of Black and Latino adults finish college. The numbers clearly show that Asian Americans are way ahead of other racial minorities with respect of income and education, despite the fact that Asian Americans have the least amount of population and shortest history of immigration among the key minority races in the United States. Some people question that, Asian Americans have made it without affirmative action so why can’t everyone else? It is a recognizable fact that Asian Americans have extraordinary performance on their educational achievements; they are nowhere near being misrepresented in higher educational institutions. Thus, Asian Americans have sometime been imaged, as model minority by opponents of affirmative action to perpetuate the idea that affirmative action is unnecessary for racial-class advancement. However, if we step back from the campus and look at the bigger picture, we cannot overlook the reality that the racial discrimination still exists in all aspects of modern society. Asian people as a minority group are no exception as victims of a much broader system. At government jobs and management level jobs in large corporations, Asian Americans are in no doubt under the confinement of the â€Å"glass ceiling. † Because Asian Americans continue to be subjected to racist stereotyping and scapegoating, there is still a need for affirmation action to break the â€Å"glass ceiling† and make it a fair game for all. While the ideal of affirmative action is to assist the disadvantaged, and give them an aid in the race of social competition, the racially based system certainly could not accurately identify the poor and socially disadvantaged from a few elite individuals within the same racial group. Eighty five percent of African Americans are under the poverty line, while two percent of them have a yearly income over 150K. There are also a considerable number of Whites who are categorized as under-class. The priority given to race over class has inevitably exacerbated white racism. Purely race determined preference does not justify the purpose of affirmative action on many occasions. The reverse discrimination seems to have a firm ground at some higher educational institutions, which practice affirmative action on their admission processes. Cases like those of University of Michigan have certainly heated up the smoking controversy. Jennifer Gratz, a White university applicant sued the University of Michigan for denying her application because of the school’s racially conditioned admission policy. At the University of Michigan as well as many other universities around the country, minority group students receive 20 extra points when they apply. This gives them a considerable jump to their chances of being accepted over White students with same academic level. It may sound disturbing to many people: one person may be accepted by the top university over another person just because of his/her race. In an effort to improve the current affirmative action, many scholars have proposed that we should consider social class as a determining factor instead of race. Among them, Richard Rodriguez believes that a class based, as opposed to a racially based system may be a better solution to help the disadvantaged. By judging an individual based on his or her class instead of race, schools and other social institutions can assist those who are really are in need. As good as the idea sounds, still others believe that class oriented affirmative action is misleading. Affirmative action was designed to help racial inequality with respect to class stratification, not to resolve class inequality. The class stratification is a by-product of a capitalistic economic system. It exists now, and will exist for as long as the capitalist society persists. Social class stratification is universal to all countries with capitalist economic systems in varies of degrees, even in â€Å"racially pure† countries like the UK, France, and Japan. When race is not a factor, the hierarchical structure of class stratification remains the same, but the people that make up the class may change over time without the barrier that concerns about their race. This forms a dynamic, stable class system. However, when race is being introduced into the matter, there are physical features to stereotype people’s class allocation. Discrimination becomes institutionalized. It prevents class movement for colored people. The systematical solution – affirmative action thus was designed to compensate for these discriminating factors that are inevitable in a diverse society such as ours. After hearing all the voices, both satisfied or disappointed, enthusiastic or pessimistic, it is evident that affirmative action is certainly an exciting and yet elusive topic. It is far from perfect, and flawed in many aspects, but the goals and ideals of affirmative action are unquestionably encouraging. Like all grand missions over history, its goal of creating a utopia of equal opportunities for people of all backgrounds and colors is no doubt a difficult one, if not impossible. Democracy does not come overnight, and it is under constant challenge, debate, and amendment. Therefore, I believe that we should not abandon such a policy, but to embrace it, perfect it, and apply it to all areas of social institutions where discrimination is evident. While living in a diverse society, we should accept our differences, and not conserve our compassion for people in need. We should let all people who value freedom and the idea of equal opportunity share the â€Å"American Dream. † Works Cited Bender, David. Affirmative Action. San Diego: Greenhaven Press Inc, 1996. King, Sabrina. Racism and Racial Inequality : Implications for Teacher Education. Washington, D. C. : American Association Of Colleges, 2002. Web. Rodriguez, Richard. Huger of Memory The Education of Richard Rodriguez. New York: Bantam Books, 1982. Rosenblum, Marc. Racial Inequality. Seattle, WA: Monthly Labo Review, 1986. Print. How to cite Affirmative Action: Racial Inequality, Papers

Relief Service Centralized Logistics Distribution †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Relief Service Centralized Logistics Distribution. Answer: Introduction The rural communities have always been the subject to change and face the natural disaster for decades. The disasters might occur in both rural and urban communities. However, the impact of the disaster on the rural communities is considerable greater than the rural communities due to several reasons. The number of disasters faced by the rural communities is also greater than the urban ones. Besides, the frequencies and intensity have been exacerbated in the recent times due to global warming and the communities are now facing more number with longer periods of bushfire, flood and draught. The prediction of these disasters is more complicated than every due to the uncertainty of the climate change. Modern developing technology is constantly failing in predicting the sudden change in the climate. This make the recovery policy necessary to rapidly cope up and overcome the impact of the disasters. The government and non-government team of social workers had always been into action for t he post disaster recovery. However, the competency of these practices has always been in the subject of questioning. The constantly changing policies taken by the government fails to address the issue from a complete perspective. It is because of the limitations of the serviced implement in the post disaster recovery and somewhat for the rural people. The rural men tends to hold back to their assets in order to protect them, mean while, the female tends to flee from the area with the children. This gap tends to have more impact on the community in the decision-making and the people seems to get trap in the middle of the escape due to their late decision-making. The human services provided to these affected population seems to have a number of strengths and weaknesses. Those have been identified in this discussion along with the challenges faced by the social worker in the real world situation. Australia has been facing major bushfire incidents for more than a decade now. A number of major bushfires have devastating effect the Australian population over years. The hot and dry climatic condition of the continent had been causing these natural disasters and causing massive damage to the population every year. The prone areas attacked by this particular disaster are Queensland, Victoria, New South Wales and the adjacent areas and every year it burns thousands of hectors of forest and residential lands. The major incident of 2009 in Victoria that got international attention is named Black Saturday as it took lives of nearly 173 Victorians (Alston, 2009). Another major incident of NSW and Queensland took place in 2013 springtime that burnt thousand of hectors of forest grounds (Rfs.nsw.gov.au, 2017). It was a result of several dispersed fire in the forest of NSW and Queensland. It has been a major issue faced by the Australian government for a number of decades and the governmen t has declared the areas as fire prone area that holds different policy than the rest of the country regarding bushfire matters. The government has initiated several ways to control these uncontrollable firs through water bombing from aircrafts and ground fire departments. However, the loss of the population is always greater before the fire is controlled. Support is required for the directly affected population due to their loss of properties, assets, neighbourhood, friends and families. These disasters has both the physical and mental impact on the individuals who evidenced this naked cruelty of the nature. Hence, they require support in the process of recovery. The government and the private organizations of the social works are actively providing them the human support in several ways. Red Cross and its followers are the front line in this campaign of human support. However, the support models both physical and virtual have some strength and weakness in providing the human suppo rt services to the affected populations. They have to face several challenges in the process on various grounds. Both the models implemented have a number of limitations and the situation like this requires particular set of models from both the types of service models in properly addressing the issue in hand. Some of the suited models proposed for the implementation (the Guardian., 2017). Pidgeon, Ford and Klaassen (2014) identified Human Service as a broad field with a single objective of meeting the human needs with interdisciplinary knowledge base. The focus of the human service is to prevent and remediate the problems of the communities and maintain commitment to improve the overall living standard of the community people. Human service professionals also deal with the disaster management and provide services for recovery of the affected communities. Broadly, the service are of two types that are face-to-face service models and virtual service models of human service. Both the types has several expertise and the necessary ones are implemented in according to the situation. These models have some strengths and weaknesses that are discussed below. Face-to-face service delivery Face-to-face service is the physical service carried out by the service team and provided to the needed community. Monette, Sullivan and DeJong (2013) expressed that the service team can compose with workers with different expertise who physically visits the communities and provides the necessary supported identified. These expertises can considerably vary and include a wide range of expertise ranging from social science personnel to medical, emergency, psychologists and many more. In case of the disasters, both the emergency experts and post disaster teams come into action for the recovery of the community. Nicholls (2012) clarifies the need of both emergency and post disaster service deliverance for recovering form the situation. The emergency fire team comes into action for controlling and stopping the fire to prevent it causing more damage to the community. The NSW Rural Fire Service team formed by the Australian government to prevent the bushfire and reduce its intensity. The employees working in the team hold skills from their specially training to prevent the particular types of forest fires in immediate priority (Nicholls, 2012). The special water bombers are also trained by the government to fight the fire from above and pour gallons of water from the sky to reduce the heat. The post disaster team needs to resettle the community and look after their well-being and recovery from the impact. Many of the community members might be physically injured that needs attention of the medical service providers. They also ensure the other medical conditions of the community members from the exposure they received from the extreme heat and the polluted air. The rescue team comes to recover the trapped individuals f rom the danger. This service team also needs to resettle the community for the period of recovery. The food and water is supplied to the community by the team. Psychologists play vital role in addressing the mental trauma and shock received from the exposure to the disasters (Nicholls, 2012). The community members have lost their properties, assets, loved ones, neighbours and other fellow community members that requires attention of the psychologist in the process of recovery (Gleser, Green Winget, 2013). Wade et al., (2014) concludes the counselling as an essential part of disaster recovery. The economic support to rebuild their houses and ensure their livelihood also needs attention where the government and the NGOs like Red Cross plays vital role. There are particular strengths in the face-to-face service delivery and any other type cannot replace that. Other types of service model cannot replace medical assistance. It helps in recovering physical injuries of the insureds (Springer Casey-Lockyer, 2014). Face-to-face counselling has greater impact on the affected and ensures a faster recovery from the trauma. The food and water supplied by the rescue has no alternative but to, physically deliver the products to the customer. This also provide mental assurance to the affected community and builds confidence in them. This type of service have greater impact as it evidences the actual needs of the people and provide the particulars. Helps the workers understand the exact requirements Some of the major weaknesses of face-to-face service deliverance identified by Sheu (2014) are as follows: The cost of physical service deliverance is high. The delivery team needs to train the members and develop their skills accordingly to receive desired result. Language can be a barrier in service deliverance where the community members may not understand and properly communicate with the service providers The teams need to recruit a large amount of individuals and retain them for providing this kind of emergency services. The distance is also a concern where the service providers have to travel a long distance to help the people affected by the disasters. Health and safety of the service providers also falls into danger while providing service in the disaster affected areas. The balance in life of the service providers also get disrupted during the service as they might not be able to go home for days or even weeks. Cultural gap between the service provider and taker might reduce the efficiency of the service delivered. Virtual models of service delivery Virtual models of service delivery has multiple level of advantages for both the service provider and receiver. It can be meeting, counselling, information flow or many other. A study conducted by Mitomo et al., in 2013 after the Japanese earthquake highlights that the ICT and mass media can play significant role in post disaster recovery of the people. People can rely on the information circulated by these over the internet, keep them self up to date about the ongoing situation of their areas, and get assurance of the well-being of their friends and loved ones. Sungs (2011) work reflects similar outcome using the mobile phone technology app. The smartphones are now a daily life commodity and almost everyone uses one. These new apps can not only update the affected people about the situation, but also has the capability to take the necessary actions required to keep their family safe during and after a catastrophic disaster takes place. The use of virtual model has much broader appli cation on disaster recovery than just being a medium of information flow. Psychologists took the advantage of the new technology to reach out the affected population via internet. The new generation psychotherapy is now being conducted over video call like skype or similar applications. Fishkin et al. (2011) paper Psychodynamic Treatment, Training, and Supervision Using Internet-Based Technology proves the usefulness of newly emerging technology and the ways it can successfully address the issues faced by the disaster-affected people. Another study carried out by Kaplan et al. on 2011 reflects the statements of the psychologists regarding the use of technology in their practice. According to their statement, it makes it much easier for them and the patients to establish intense interaction in the beginning sessions as the patients produce less anxiety with self-disclosure over internet. It helps the counsellor to handle the sensitive clients in a more efficient way as the technology helps in minimising the shyness and increase the emotional safety of the patients. Alston (2009) sees these as opportunities in the human service in the post disaster recovery phase. Virtual model of human service can help them in above-mentioned ways. The strengths and weaknesses of the virtual human service are listed below: Strengths Cost effective The service provider does not have to travel to the destination for providing their valuable service Flow of information is greater Potentially aware the community of the procedure and step required to overcome Inform their loved one about their well-being Weaknesses Remote areas might have problem in receiving internet signal A gap remains between the counsellor and the patient that might lead the treatment process in a misdirection The authenticity of the service is of question via visual service model. The service provider might fail in understanding the intensity of the condition of the affected via internet Only limited variety of services is possible to provide via virtual service model. Both the approaches has limitation and strengths and a combination of both can has potential to increase the efficiency of the service being provide to the affected population. A proper planning of both types of services can potentially reduce the cost and other limitation in the process. Several challenges occurs during the procedure of service providence for the human service worker as discussed earlier. The ethnic gap between the service provider and receiver makes it harder for the service provider to take necessary actions required in the situation for both face-to-face and virtual models. This is the greatest challenges that occurs several time in the post disaster recovery and the affected community rejects the offerings made by the service provider, as they find no comfort in their consolation. Language is another barrier that the service providers might face and it creates a greater gap between the two parties. Development of particular skills can only mitigate the problem in hand. Particular human service provider should operate in particular area and learn additional skills to operate efficiently. The practitioner should learn the local language where the service is being provide. It is essential for them to make a flawless communication with the affected population so that the affected can reflect their grief that will help the service provider better understand the situation. Moreover, the service provider needs to understand the cultural diversity and have a thorough knowledge of the community culture. It will help them to get into the community and mix with them so that the people feel their belongingness. It can definitely show greater result in service delivery. Some of the strengths and weaknesses identified for both the cases reflects the limitations of the service. The virtual service reflects its strength in cost efficiency whereas; the face-to-face model has its strength in addressing the issues like food and water supply to the affected community that the other type fails. Hence, it is possible to conclude from the above discussion that both the model has its efficiency in particular field and implementation of both the model in its particular efficiency can successfully increase the efficiency of the service being provide to the community. However, some challenges will remain that needs attention to increase the efficiency to its optimum level. The cultural and language gap between the service provider and receiver stands as a barrier in both the models that needs attention. A proper planning of implementation to address the post disaster recovery can speed up the process and help the affected get back to their natural lives sooner. References Alston, M. (2009).Innovative human services practice: Australia's changing landscape. Macmillan Education AU. Fishkin, R., Fishkin, L., Leli, U., Katz, B., Snyder, E. (2011). Psychodynamic treatment, training, and supervision using internet-based technologies.Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry,39(1), 155-168. Gleser, G. C., Green, B. L., Winget, C. (2013).Prolonged psychosocial effects of disaster: A study of Buffalo Creek. Elsevier. Kaplan, D. M., Wade, M. E., Conteh, J. A., Martz, E. T. (2011). Legal and ethical issues surrounding the use of social media in counseling.Counseling and Human Development,43(8), 1. Mitomo, H., Otsuka, T., Jeon, S. Y., Cheng, J. W. (2013). The role of ICT and mass media in post-disaster restoration and recovery progress: A case of the Great East Japan Earthquake. Monette, D. R., Sullivan, T. J., DeJong, C. R. (2013).Applied social research: A tool for the human services. Cengage Learning. Nicholls, S. (2012). The resilient community and communication practice.Australian Journal of Emergency Management, The,27(1), 46. Pidgeon, A. M., Ford, L., Klaassen, F. (2014). Evaluating the effectiveness of enhancing resilience in human service professionals using a retreat-based Mindfulness with Metta Training Program: a randomised control trial.Psychology, health medicine,19(3), 355-364. Rfs.nsw.gov.au. (2017). Major Fire Updates - NSW Rural Fire Service Retrieved 13 October 2017, from https://www.rfs.nsw.gov.au/fire-information/major-fire-updates Sheu, J. B. (2014). Post-disaster reliefservice centralized logistics distribution with survivor resilience maximization.Transportation research part B: methodological,68, 288-314. Springer, J. D., Casey-Lockyer, M. (2014). Translating Practice into Policy: Disaster Nursing and Research in the American Red Cross. Sung, S. J. (2011). How can we use mobile apps for disaster communications in Taiwan: Problems and possible practice. the Guardian. (2017). Bushfires hit NSW and Queensland as spring heat threatens record Retrieved 13 October 2017, from https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/sep/27/bushfires-hit-nsw-and-queensland-as-spring-heat-threatens-record Wade, D., Crompton, D., Howard, A., Stevens, N., Metcalf, O., Brymer, M., ... Forbes, D. (2014). Skills for Psychological Recovery: Evaluation of a post-disaster mental health training program.Disaster Health,2(3-4), 138-145.